Lost notes reveal Galileo closely studied the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy, offering fresh insight into his early scientific thinking.

In a monastery library on the Sinai Peninsula, a devotional handbook by the monk John Climacus sat quietly for centuries while a far older scientific treasure hid beneath its ink. Medieval scribes had ...

Peering into the past, we find that our ancestors held a surprisingly advanced understanding of the stars and constellations. Their knowledge, as revealed in ancient texts, often rivals our modern ...

At SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park on Wednesday morning, researchers focused a powerful X-ray machine on pages of parchment from a medieval desert monastery, looking to reveal ...

A historian has identified Galileo's handwritten notes in a rare 16th-century copy of one of history’s most influential astronomy books. The discovery includes marginal comments and a handwritten ...